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問答題

【簡答題】翻譯：The application of physics to the study of rocks (geophysics)is very important in petroleum geology. In its broadest application geophysics makes a major contribution to understanding the earths crust and, especially through the application of modern plate tectonic(板塊構造)theory, the genesis and petroleum potential of sedimentary basins. More specially, physical concepts are required to understand folds（褶皺）, faults（斷層）, and diapers（底辟）, and hence their roles in petroleum entrapment.

答案：在石油地質中，將物理應用到巖石（地球物理）中很重要，地球物理的廣泛應用對于了解地殼，尤其是應用了現代板塊理論后，對于了解...

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【簡答題】翻譯：Gas lift is the method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high-pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The primary consideration in the selection of availability and compression cost of gas.
答案：氣舉是一種利用外部高壓氣源補充地層氣體以便舉升井筒液體的人工舉升方法，為舉升單井、井組或整個油田，選擇氣舉系統(tǒng)首先考慮問...
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【簡答題】翻譯：THE OPEC oil cartel is about to turn 40, and the mood in the run-up to the grand heads-of-state party in Venezuela in less than three weeks time is jubilant. Not quite two years ago,oil was $10 a barrel and the cartel was on the brink of collapse. Now the oil price is well above $30 a barrel, and it shows little sign of coming down.
答案：石油企業(yè)聯合組織歐佩克即將迎來它40歲生日，而不到三周后將在委內拉舉行的該組織的首腦峰會的準備工作也洋溢著一種喜慶的氣氛...
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【簡答題】翻譯：In these early days, as lamp oil, was the important product and the main objects of refining was to extract as much of it as possible from the crude. Lubricants and some fuel oil were also sold, but gasoline was burnt off as unwanted and bitumen was also largely useless.
答案：在早期，燈油是重要產品，煉制石油的目標就是從原油中獲得盡可能多的燈油。那時也出售潤滑油和一些燃料油，但是汽油被作為燃氣被...
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【簡答題】翻譯：crude petroleum is not an equilibrium mixture, and on a geological time scale its composition is slowly changing. S.R.silverman found that heating at 121C for two weeks caused detectable changes, the low-molecular-weight components formed being isotopically lighter so far as the carbon was concerned, than the original.
答案：天然石油不是均衡的混合物，在一個地質時期，地質構造改變十分緩慢，S.R.silverman研究發(fā)現，經過兩周持續(xù)在121...
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【簡答題】翻譯：A third means of assessing the maturity of rocks is by the pyrolysis of a small amount of the source rock. The temperature is raised rapidly and the material vaporized or formed by thermal breakdown of the kerogen is passed through a detector which records, on a temperature base, peaks representing these two bursts of volatile material. To a first approximation the peak at the lower temperature represents oil already generated; the peak at the higher temperature indicates oil capable of being generated at adequate maturity.
答案：評價巖石成熟度的第三個辦法是源巖的裂解程度。溫度迅速升高，物質被氣化或發(fā)生熱裂解，通過探測器記錄溫度曲線，描述揮發(fā)性物質...
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【簡答題】翻譯：A paraffin base crude is an oil whose chief components are paraffins, and which completely distilled, leaves a solid residue of wax. An asphalt base crude is an oil composed primarily of cyclic compounds (mostly naphthenes) which, when distilled, leaves a solid residue of asphalt. Oils which fall in the middle of these categrories are classified as mixed base.
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【簡答題】翻譯：The fluids of a petroleum reservoir are generally gas, oil, and water in varying proportions. Each phase can differ widely in composition and properties. Gas and oil, either as separate fluids or in mixtures, change their state or phase as reservoir pressure changes.
答案：油層中的流體是天然氣、石油和水各占不同的比例。在不同的狀態(tài)下它們的性質和組成是不同的。氣和油既可以是分開的流體，也可以...
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【簡答題】翻譯：Since the volume factors and the solution gas-oil ratio are determined from laboratory measurements on samples of reservoir fluid at reservoir temperature and various pressures, these parameters are effective substitutes for detailed phase equilibrium data in most production calculations. However, these parameters are unknown at the time that exploration well tests are run, and hence they are estimated from correlation charts.
答案：因為體積系數和溶解油氣比的測定是實驗室采集地層溫度下和不同壓力下的地層流體樣品來測定的，因此這些參數在很多產量計算中可以...
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【簡答題】翻譯：A porous medium has a permeability of one darcy when a single phase fluid of one centipoise viscosity that completely fills the voids of the medium, will flow through it under conditions of viscous flow at a rate of one cubic centimeter per second per square centimeter cross sectional area under a pressure or equivalent hydraulic gradient of one atmosphere per centimeter.
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【簡答題】翻譯：There are two approaches to the problem of determining the fluid saturation within a reservoir rock. The direct approach is to measure, in the laboratory, the saturation of selected rock samples recovered from the parent formation. The indirect approach is to determine the fluid saturation by measuring some related physical property of the rock.
答案：有兩種方法確定儲層巖石中的流體飽和度。最直接的方法是在實驗室選出保持在原生地層條件的巖石測出樣品的飽和度。間接的方法是通...