The（） defines the phases that connect the beginning of a project to its end.

（）from one phase are usually reviewed for completeness and accuracy and approved before work starts on the next phase.

（）involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a basis by which to measure performance. These other projects can be within the performing organization or outside of it, and can be within the same or in another application area.

PDM includes four types of dependencies or precedence relationships: （）. The completion of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity.

（） are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion.

（）means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end.

On some projects, especially ones of smaller scope, activity sequencing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, and （） are so tightly linked that they are viewed as a single process that can be performed by a person over a relatively short period of time.

The（）process analyzes the effect of risk events and assigns a numerical rating to those risks.

In the project management context,（） includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion, successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations.

Organizations perform work to achieve a set of objectives. Generally, work can be categorized as either projects or operations, although the two sometimes are（）