Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

Banks have legal obligation to inspect the actual merchandise.

In marine voyage chartering， the following（）terms are normally appeared in the voyage charter party.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as（）or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services.

The（）may examine or re-examine the goods or take samples from them straightaway in the absence of the consignee or the consignor whenever it considers this necessary.

Currently， different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place.（）transport does not refer to multimodal transport.

Since the freight payments are taken care of by the freight forwarder， the carrier doesn′t have to take any （）.

Consolidation can benefit all concerned.For exporters and shippers， they get the benefit of（）than they would have normally paid to the carrier.

Sea waybill is an import file.It is （）.