I certify the above（）and formally declare General Average.

If he is a common carrier，he is absolutely responsible to the owner of the goods carried （）any loss or damage to them unless caused by an Act of God or the Queen’s enemies，or the inherent vice in the goods themselves，or the negligence of the owner of the goods，or a general average sacrifice.

It is not the Charterer’s duty that（）.

It becomes a common practice to insert a clause in the bills of lading for vessels trading to and from the United States，expressly declaring（）the Shipowner could recover in general average in the event of negligence，provided that due diligence has been exercised to make the ship in all respects seaworthy.

Sacrifices to meet the particular emergency，such as loss of the ship’s tackle through using it for unusual purposes in order to secure her safety in specially difficult circumstances，（）the subject of a general average contribution.

Delivery to carriers（）the transit of the goods even though they are employed by the buyer，unless the intention of the parties is clearly to the contrary.

Any extra expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as general average shall（）general average and so allowed without regard to the saving if any，to other interests，but only up to the amount of the general average expense avoided.

In modern times，the work of stowage is generally deputed to stevedores，but that does not generally relieve the shipowners（）their duties even though the stevedores are，under the charter-party，to be appointed by the Charterers.

If，by refusing to name a place of discharge，the Charterer prevents the Shipowner from earning freight，（）will have to pay it as damages for breach of contract.

If the Shipowner has failed to carry out a term of a time charter-party whereby he undertakes to maintain the vessel in a seaworthy state，this only（）the Charterer to sue him for damages，and not to repudiate the charter-party.