單項選擇題對上消化道出血時出血量的估計最有價值的標準是：（）

A.血紅蛋白濃度測定
B.血細胞比容測定
C.嘔血與黑糞的頻度與量
D.網織紅細胞測定
E.血容量減少所導致的周圍循環(huán)衰竭的臨床表現


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1.單項選擇題The following is true of haematemesis：（）

A.When it occurs ina patient with alcoholic liver disease，it is always due to oesophageal varices.
B.A visible vessel seen at gastroscopy is not a risk factor for further bleeding.
C.When it occurs in patientsover 70 years of age who may have arthritis，ususlly indicates malignancy.
D.When it occurs afrer repeated retching，it is suggestive of an oesophageal tear.
E.When it is caused by duodenal ulcer，a partial gastrectomy is usually necessary.