There are three major routes of container transportation： Far East to North America， Far East to Europe and Mediterranean， North America to Europe and Mediterranean.

Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.

Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include （）。

The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as（）or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services.

The Bareboat Chartering means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the Charterer for a certain period employment without any crew.

General average and salvage charges are covered both in FPA and WA coverage.

In consolidation service， it is usually the consignor who issues to each consignee his bill of lading.

Under documentary credit， the buyer is entitled to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent before settling the payment.

（） is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail.

Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.